Hysteroscopy passes a thin camera through the vagina and cervix to inspect the inside of the uterus. It may diagnose a problem, take a biopsy or treat selected polyps, fibroids or adhesions without an abdominal incision.
What hysteroscopy is
Saline or another distending medium gently opens the uterine cavity so the lining can be seen. Small instruments can pass through the hysteroscope for biopsy or treatment. Office and operating-theatre procedures differ in scope and anaesthesia.
Symptoms and reasons for hysteroscopy
- Heavy, irregular or postmenopausal bleeding
- Suspected uterine polyp, submucosal fibroid or adhesions
- Investigation of selected infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss
- Removal of a displaced intrauterine device or targeted biopsy
Diagnostic process
Pregnancy must be excluded and infection or bleeding risk reviewed. Ultrasound often comes first. Timing may be chosen for clearer views, and the clinician discusses pain relief, cervical preparation and whether biopsy or treatment is planned.
Available options
Alternatives depend on the question and include pelvic ultrasound, saline-infusion sonography, endometrial biopsy or observation. Hysteroscopy is especially useful when direct visualisation or targeted treatment inside the cavity is needed.
Why laparoscopy may or may not be appropriate
Hysteroscopy views the uterine cavity; laparoscopy views the outside of pelvic organs through abdominal incisions. Laparoscopy is not a substitute, though both may be combined for selected fertility, endometriosis or perforation-risk situations.
Recovery expectations
Most patients go home the same day. Mild cramping and light bleeding or watery discharge can occur for a few days. Return to work is often quick after a simple procedure but varies with anaesthesia and treatment performed.
Risks and limitations
- Pain, bleeding, infection or a vasovagal episode
- Cervical or uterine perforation
- Fluid overload is uncommon but can be serious
- A lesion can be missed or incompletely treated, requiring repeat or alternative care
Hospital facilities
Anand Hospital provides obstetric and gynaecology consultation, ultrasound and diagnostic coordination, operating-theatre and anaesthesia support, maternity and inpatient care, and 24×7 emergency care.
Tests and treatment are individualised. Patients who need subspecialty, neonatal or advanced multidisciplinary care may be referred when appropriate.
Treating doctor
Dr Nidhi Thakur
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist with 20+ years in obstetrics, gynaecology, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and infertility care
View doctor profileFrequently asked questions
Is hysteroscopy painful?
Experience varies. Options can include oral medicine, local anaesthetic, sedation or general anaesthesia depending on the procedure and patient preference.
Is there an abdominal cut?
No. The hysteroscope passes through the vagina and cervix, so hysteroscopy itself has no abdominal incision.
When will biopsy results be available?
Timing depends on the laboratory. Confirm how and when the hospital will communicate the pathology result.
Medical information sources
Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical concerns.
