Hysterectomy is removal of the uterus. It ends menstruation and the ability to carry a pregnancy, so the diagnosis, alternatives and personal goals should be carefully reviewed before surgery.
What hysterectomy is
A total hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix; a subtotal operation leaves the cervix. Removal of tubes or ovaries is a separate decision and is not automatic. Surgery may be vaginal, laparoscopic or open abdominal.
Symptoms and when to seek help
- Heavy or prolonged bleeding, anaemia or bleeding between periods
- Pelvic pressure or pain from fibroids, adenomyosis or prolapse
- Selected precancerous or cancer conditions
- Very heavy bleeding with faintness, severe pain or pregnancy possibility needs urgent care
Diagnostic process
Evaluation can include pelvic examination, blood count, pregnancy testing, ultrasound, cervical screening status and sometimes endometrial biopsy or hysteroscopy. The cause of symptoms must be clear before irreversible treatment.
Available treatment options
Depending on the cause, options may include observation, iron, hormonal medicines, an intrauterine system, hysteroscopic treatment, myomectomy, uterine-artery procedures or prolapse repair. Suspected cancer requires appropriate staging and specialist planning.
When laparoscopy may or may not be appropriate
Laparoscopic hysterectomy often offers smaller wounds and faster recovery. A very large uterus, extensive adhesions, certain cancers, major bleeding risk or medical instability may favour vaginal or open surgery. The safest route depends on anatomy and surgical expertise.
Recovery expectations
Hospital stay and recovery vary by route. Fatigue, abdominal discomfort and light vaginal bleeding can occur. Gradual walking is encouraged, while lifting, driving, sex and work resume only according to the surgeon’s advice.
Risks and limitations
- Bleeding, infection, clots or anaesthetic complications
- Injury to bladder, ureters, bowel, blood vessels or nerves
- Conversion to open surgery or need for further treatment
- Permanent loss of fertility; menopause can occur if both ovaries are removed
Hospital facilities
Anand Hospital provides obstetric and gynaecology consultation, ultrasound and diagnostic coordination, operating-theatre and anaesthesia support, maternity and inpatient care, and 24×7 emergency care.
Tests and treatment are individualised. Patients who need subspecialty, neonatal or advanced multidisciplinary care may be referred when appropriate.
Treating doctor
Dr Nidhi Thakur
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist with 20+ years in obstetrics, gynaecology, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and infertility care
View doctor profileFrequently asked questions
Are ovaries always removed?
No. Ovary removal is a separate decision based on age, diagnosis, cancer risk and preferences.
Will periods continue?
Periods stop after the uterus is removed. If ovaries remain, they may continue producing hormones until natural menopause.
Is hysterectomy the first treatment for heavy bleeding?
Usually not. Less invasive options are considered unless they are unsuitable, unsuccessful or the diagnosis requires definitive surgery.
Medical information sources
Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical concerns.
